• Details of trends in knitting capacity, production, and investments in circular knitting, warp knitting, hosiery knitting, flat knitting, fully fashioned knitting and speciality knitting
• A survey of manufacturing costs in major producing countries, including the impact of new and old machinery, developments in automation and technology, and labour costs
• A detailed description of the manufacturing technologies employed in the knitting sector, and an assessment of technological changes and the introduction of quick response
• Details of the effects on productivity of increased automation and the introduction of seamless technology;
• Comparisons between different types of staple fibres and continuous filament yarn, and their suitability for various end uses
• Assessments of process developments in knitting and downstream marketing, with particular emphasis on apparel, hosiery, home furnishing, automotive and technical textile markets
• Detailed analyses of the world's key markets, including Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Asia, North and South America, Russia and other CIS countries, and Africa
• A comprehensive set of predictions and forecasts to 2010.

Knitting: a growth sector
The world produces over 17 mn tons of knitted textiles and apparel - representing one third of the global textile market. Moreover, output is forecast to grow by 25% over the next ten years, reaching more than 21 mn tons.

New fibres open up new markets
Knitted textiles and apparel are used in a wide range of basic apparel items such as T-shirts, underwear and sweaters. But the industry is changing. New markets are emerging as high-tech fibres are used and manufacturing technology becomes more sophisticated. Designers are discovering that knitted goods now offer more scope than ever before, to be used in an increasingly sophisticated range of products.

New technology offers more flexibility, customised products, smaller order sizes
Producers are investing in machinery which offers the latest technological developments in order to become more flexible and make better quality products. Automation has been used in the past to produce large orders at low prices. But today's technological advances are providing producers with the flexibility to offer small bespoke, customised orders tailored to specific customer requirements at competitive prices.

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

Introduction
Relative importance of the global knitting sector
Market growth
Knitted products
Knitted products and manufacturing technologies
Types of knitting manufacturing technologies
Developments in knitting machine technologies
Knitting machinery investments and capacities
Circular knitting
Electronic flat knitting
Hand knitting and semi-automatic flat knitting
Warp knitting
Properties and utilisation of fibres and yarns used in knitting
Man-made staple fibres
Staple fibre (spun) yarns
Filament yarns
Developments in downstream marketing and processing
Apparel
Hosiery
Home furnishings
Automotive
Technical textiles
Costs of production
Ring spinning versus rotor spinning
Components of manufacturing costs
Developed versus developing countries
Global markets for knitted textiles and apparel
Europe
Asia
The Americas
Conclusions and future prospects
Technology
Cooperation and joint product development
Market and production forecasts

Chapter 2 Knitted Products and Manufacturing Technologies

Introduction
Types of knitted products
Products and applications
Basic knitting technologies
Knitting type
Loop forming mechanisms and needle types
Stitch type
Needle bed configuration
Fabric structure
Circular knitting
Product types and structures
Importance of stitch length
Pattern creation technology
Leading machine producers
Technological improvements and developments
Fully Fashioned (straight bar) knitting
Product types and structures
Pattern creation technology
Finishing
Leading machine producers
Technological improvements and developments
Flat knitting
Pattern creation technology
Product types and structures
Leading machine producers
Technological improvements and developments
Hosiery knitting
Pattern creation technology
Leading machine producers
Technological improvements and developments
Other specialist knitting machines
Sliver knitting machines
Flat machines for hats
Small diameter circular knitting machines
Crochet knitting machines
Warp knitting
Leading machine producers
Technological developments

Chapter 3 Knitting Machinery Investments and Capacities

Circular knitting
Global trends in investments and capacities
Asia
Western Europe
Turkey
Americas
Single jersey, double jersey and jacquards
Larger diameter machines
Smaller diameter machines
Flat knitting
Electronic flat knitting machines
Hand knitting machines and semi-automatic flat knitting machines
Trimming machines
Hosiery knitting
Warp knitting

Chapter 4 Properties and Utilisation of Fibres and Yarns Used in Knitting

Introduction
Suitability of various yarn types for different knitting technologies
Man-made staple fibres
Introduction
Polyester
Acrylic
Cellulosic
Polypropylene
Other fibre types
Staple fibre (spun) yarns
Short staple yarns
Long staple yarns
Filament yarns
Introduction
Polyester
Textured polyester yarn
Polyester variants
Polyamide
Elastane
Cellulosic

Chapter 5 Developments in Downstream Marketing and Processing

Apparel
Seamless garment technology
Acrylic apparel
Polyester filament apparel
Apparel containing elastane
Hosiery
Pantyhose and half hose
Socks
Home furnishings
Drapes
Upholstery
Automotive
Technical textiles

Chapter 6 Costs of Production

Manufacturing costs in Western Europe
Single jersey and double jersey
Intimate apparel
Comparisons of production costs by country
Developed versus developing countries
Cost comparisons of fabrics made from ring spun, rotor spun and textured yarns
Trends in production costs by country

Chapter 7 Markets for Knitted Textiles and Apparel in Europe

Introduction
Europe: mill consumption of yarns for knitting
Western Europe
Turkey
Central and Eastern Europe
Future prospects
Western Europe: mill consumption for knitting by fibre type
Filament yarn
Spun yarn
Forecasts to 2010
Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of knitted fabrics by process
Knitted fabric made from continuous filament yarns
Knitted fabric made from short staple spun yarns
Knitted fabric made from long staple spun yarns
Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of cut and sewn knitted apparel and knitted household products by process
Introduction
Production of cut and sewn knitted apparel
Trade in cut and sewn knitted apparel
Consumption of cut and sewn knitted apparel
Production of knitted household products
Trade in knitted household products
Consumption of knitted household products
Western Europe: production of fully fashioned knitted apparel by process
Production of fully fashioned knitted apparel
Consumption of fully fashioned knitted apparel
Trade in fully fashioned knitted apparel
Western Europe: fibre consumption in knitting by end use
Introduction
Warp, raschel and leaver knitting
Weft knitting
Hand knitting yarn
Forecasts to 2010
Western Europe: competitive factors
Spun yarns versus filament yarns
Natural fibres versus man-made fibres
Knitting versus other end uses
Eastern Europe
Introduction
Mill consumption of yarn for knitting in Poland
Knitted apparel production in Poland
Outlook
Turkey
Introduction
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Forecasts to 2010

Chapter 8 Markets for Knitted Textiles and Apparel in Russia and Other CIS Countries

Introduction
Russia
Introduction
Knitted fabric production
Knitted apparel production
Outlook
Other CIS countries
Introduction
Knitted apparel production
Hosiery production
Outlook

Chapter 9 Markets for Knitted Textiles and Apparel in Asia

China
Introduction
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Exports of knitted apparel to Japan
Outlook
Bangladesh
Introduction
Knitted apparel production
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
India
Introduction
Knitted fabric production
Knitted apparel production
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
Pakistan
Introduction
Knitting machinery
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
Japan
Introduction
Knitting machinery
Knitted fabric production
Knitted apparel production
Trade in knitted textiles and apparel
Consumption of knitted apparel
Outlook
South Korea
Introduction
Knitting machinery
Knitted fabric production
Knitted apparel production
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Exports of knitted apparel to Japan
Outlook
Taiwan
Introduction
Knitted fabric production
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Exports of knitted apparel to Japan
Outlook
Indonesia
Introduction
Knitted fabric production
Knitted apparel production
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Exports of knitted apparel to Japan
Outlook
Thailand
Introduction
Knitting machinery
Knitted fabric production
Knitted apparel production
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Exports of knitted apparel to Japan
Outlook
Sri Lanka
Introduction
Knitting machinery
Knitted apparel production
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
Other Asian countries
Knitting production
Outlook

Chapter 10 Markets for Knitted Textiles and Apparel in the Americas

Brazil
Introduction
Knitting machinery
Knitted apparel production
Trade in knitted apparel
Consumption of knitted apparel
Outlook
Central America
Knitted fabric production
Knitted apparel production
Exports of knitted apparel from six major CBI countries to the USA
Outlook
Mexico
Introduction
Knitted fabric production
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
USA
Introduction
Consumption of filament yarns for knitting
Consumption of spun yarns for knitting
Consumption for knitting by end use and fibre type
Outlook

Chapter 11 Markets for Knitted Textiles and Apparel in Africa

Introduction
North Africa: Egypt
Introduction
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
North Africa: Morocco
Introduction
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
North Africa: Tunisia
Introduction
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook
Mauritius
Introduction
Exports of knitted apparel to the EU
Exports of knitted apparel to the USA
Outlook

Chapter 12 Conclusions and Future Prospects

Dynamics of the knitting market
Global trends in fibre production, mill consumption and final consumption
Global changes in the importance of different fibre types
Consumption of yarns for knitted fabrics in Western Europe
Impact of imports on the knitting industries in Western Europe and the USA
Competitiveness
Technological advances
Market for knitted textiles and apparel to 2010

Appendix 1 Glossary

• 2.1 Knitting technologies: selected products and applications
• 3.1 World: cumulative shipments of large circular knitting machines by size, country and region, 1995-2001
• 3.2 World: shipments of large circular knitting machines by country and region, 1995-2001
• 3.3 Europe: shipments of large circular knitting machines by size and country, 1998-2001
• 3.4 Asia: shipments of large circular knitting machines by size and country, 1998-2001
• 3.5 Americas: shipments of large circular knitting machines by size and country, 1998-2001
• 3.6 World: shipments of electronic flat knitting machines by size and country, 2000 and 2001
• 3.7 Europe: shipments of electronic flat knitting machines by size and country, 2000 and 2001
• 3.8 World: shipments of hand knitting machines and semi-automatic flat knitting machines by region and country, 2000 and 2001
• 3.9 World: shipments of trimming machines by region and country, 2000 and 2001
• 3.10 Hosiery knitting machines in the Castel Goffredo area, 2000
• 3.11 Type of hosiery knitting machines in the Castel Goffredo area, 2000
• 3.12 Italy: installation of hosiery knitting machines, 1970-2000
• 3.13 World: warp knitting machine capacity by end use, 2000
• 4.1 Applications of fibres and yarns in knitting
• 4.2 Properties of polyester, acrylic, cellulosic and polypropylene staple fibres for spun yarns
• 4.3 Surface characteristics of fabrics made from polyester, polyamide, PTT and PBT filament yarns
• 4.4 Quality profile of viscose filament, cupro and acetate yarns
• 5.1 Applications of elastane yarn in clothing by garment type, fabric construction and usage
• 5.2 EU: volume of yarns coloured by package dyeing, by end use, 2000
• 5.3 Market shares of leading European automotive fabric producers, and associated fabric constructions
• 6.1 Breakdown of manufacturing costs in single jersey circular knitting
• 6.2 Breakdown of manufacturing costs in double jersey circular knitting
• 6.3 Breakdown of the costs of manufacturing intimate apparel for the winter selling season by yarn count
• 6.4 Comparisons of knitted fabric manufacturing costs, excluding raw materials, selected countries, 2001
• 6.5 Shares of components of knitted fabric manufacturing costs, excluding raw materials, selected countries, 2001
• 6.6 Comparisons of knitted fabric manufacturing costs, including raw materials, selected countries, 2001
• 6.7 Shares of components of knitted fabric manufacturing costs, including raw materials, selected countries, 2001
• 6.8 Costs of manufacturing knitted fabrics, from ring spun yarns and rotor spun yarns, selected countries, 1995-2001
• 6.9 Labour costs in the textile industry, by country, 1980-2002
• 7.1 Europe: mill consumption of natural and man-made yarns for knitting by region and yarn type, 1990-2010
• 7.2 Western Europe: mill consumption of yarn for knitting by fibre type, 1980-2010
• 7.3 Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of knitted fabrics by process and fibre type, 1980-2010
• 7.4 Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of cut and sewn knitted clothing and knitted household products by process, 1980-2010
• 7.5 Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of fully fashioned knitted clothing by process and fibre type, 1980-2010
• 7.6 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for knitting, by knitting technology and end use, 1980-2010
• 7.7 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for warp, raschel and leaver knitting by end use and fibre type, 1995-2000
• 7.8 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for other knitting by end use and fibre type, 1995-2000
• 7.9 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for hand knitting yarn by end use and fibre type, 1995-2000
• 7.10 Western Europe: shares held by filament yarns in total mill consumption of fibres for knitting, 1980-2000
• 7.11 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for knitting by main end use and fibre type, 1980-2000
• 7.12 Poland: mill consumption of fibres and filament yarns for the production ofknitwear and hosiery, 1990-99
• 7.13 Turkey: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 7.14 Turkey: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 2000-10
• 8.1 Russia: production of knitted fabrics, apparel and hosiery, 1989-2010
• 8.2 Other CIS countries: production of knitted apparel and hosiery by country, 1991-2000
• 9.1 China: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 9.2 China: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 1995-2010
• 9.3 China: exports of knitted apparel to Japan by garment category, 1999-2010
• 9.4 Bangladesh: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 9.5 Bangladesh: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 1995-2010
• 9.6 India: production of knitted fabrics and apparel, 1990-2010
• 9.7 India: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 9.8 India: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 1995-2010
• 9.9 Pakistan: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 6.6 Comparisons of knitted fabric manufacturing costs, including raw materials, selected countries, 2001
• 6.7 Shares of components of knitted fabric manufacturing costs, including raw materials, selected countries, 2001
• 6.8 Costs of manufacturing knitted fabrics, from ring spun yarns and rotor spun yarns, selected countries, 1995-2001
• 6.9 Labour costs in the textile industry, by country, 1980-2002
• 7.1 Europe: mill consumption of natural and man-made yarns for knitting by region and yarn 1990-2010
• 7.2 Western Europe: mill consumption of yarn for knitting by fibre type, 1980-2010
• 7.3 Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of knitted fabrics by process and fibre type, 1980-2010
• 7.4 Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of cut and sewn knitted clothing and knitted household products by process, 1980-2010
• 7.5 Western Europe: production, trade and consumption of fully fashioned knitted clothing by process and fibre type, 1980-2010
• 7.6 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for knitting, by knitting technology and end use, 1980-2010
• 7.7 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for warp, raschel and leaver knitting by end use and fibre type, 1995-2000
• 7.8 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for other knitting by end use and fibre type, 1995-2000
• 7.9 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for hand knitting yarn by end use and fibre type, 1995-2000
• 7.10 Western Europe: shares held by filament yarns in total mill consumption of fibres for knitting, 1980-2000
• 7.11 Western Europe: mill consumption of fibres for knitting by main end use and fibre type, 1980-2000
• 7.12 Poland: mill consumption of fibres and filament yarns for the production of knitwear and hosiery, 1990-99
• 7.13 Turkey: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 7.14 Turkey: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 2000-10
• 8.1 Russia: production of knitted fabrics, apparel and hosiery, 1989-2010
• 8.2 Other CIS countries: production of knitted apparel and hosiery by country, 1991-2000
• 9.1 China: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 9.2 China: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 1995-2010
• 9.3 China: exports of knitted apparel to Japan by garment category, 1999-2010
• 9.4 Bangladesh: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 9.5 Bangladesh: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 1995-2010
• 9.6 India: production of knitted fabrics and apparel, 1990-2010
• 9.7 India: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010
• 9.8 India: exports of knitted apparel to the USA by garment category, 1995-2010
• 9.9 Pakistan: exports of knitted apparel to the EU by garment category, 1990-2010

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